Nobody else does this

Three Models.
One Confident Answer.

PlaneWX queries three independent weather models at multiple points along your route, builds consensus with confidence scoring, and corroborates with real-world pilot reports and government advisories — giving you altitude-specific icing and turbulence intelligence that no other tool provides to general aviation pilots.

The Problem with Traditional Icing & Turbulence Information

Pilots today rely on two sources that were never designed for route-specific, altitude-specific decision-making.

G-AIRMETs: Too Broad

  • Cover hundreds of thousands of square miles with a single severity rating
  • No information about which specific altitudes within the range are worst
  • Don't tell you where the clouds actually are
  • Updated every 3 hours — conditions change faster

PIREPs: Too Sparse

  • Depend on other pilots filing reports — huge coverage gaps at night and in rural areas
  • Subjective severity — “moderate” in a 737 feels very different than in a Cirrus
  • Often hours old by the time you see them
  • Absence of PIREPs doesn’t mean smooth air — it may mean nobody filed

PlaneWX’s approach: Instead of relying on broad products or sparse reports, we query three independent numerical weather models at multiple points along your specific route — then corroborate the model output with real-world observations.

The Three Models

Two from NOAA, one from Europe. Each has different strengths — and comparing them gives us confidence scoring that no single model can provide.

HRRR

High-Resolution Rapid Refresh

NOAA’s highest-resolution hourly model — the gold standard for short-range icing and turbulence forecasts.

Resolution

3 km

Updates

Every hour

Range

0–18 hours

Best for

Terrain effects, cloud layers, convection

GFS

Global Forecast System

NOAA’s primary global model — the backbone of most weather predictions worldwide.

Resolution

~13 km

Updates

4× daily

Range

0–16 days

Best for

Big-picture trends, jet stream, extended range

ECMWF

European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts

Widely regarded as the world’s most accurate global forecast model.

Resolution

~9 km

Updates

4× daily

Range

0–10 days

Best for

Overall accuracy, moisture, jet stream dynamics

Why Three Models?

No single model is always right. By comparing three independent models, PlaneWX determines how much to trust the forecast. When all three agree, you can fly with high confidence. When they disagree, that disagreement is itself valuable intelligence — it tells you the atmosphere is uncertain and conditions could go either way.

HIGH Confidence

Unanimous

All three models agree. Trust the forecast.

MODERATE Confidence

Majority

Most models agree, one differs. Likely correct, but uncertainty exists.

LOW Confidence

Split

Models disagree. The atmosphere is uncertain. Plan conservatively.

Route-Specific Sampling

PlaneWX doesn’t show you a colored polygon on a map. We sample your exact route.

3–7

Sample points along your route

8

Pressure levels at each point (925–200 hPa)

~120

Data points per flight (300 NM typical)

At each sample point, all three models provide temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, cloud cover, and freezing level. PlaneWX computes icing probability, severity, turbulence severity, wind shear, and Richardson number — then builds consensus across models.

Multi-Model Icing Analysis

How We Detect Icing

Icing requires two ingredients simultaneously: subfreezing temperatures (0°C to -20°C) and visible moisture (relative humidity ≥ 80%). PlaneWX checks both at each of 8 altitude levels along your route, from each of three models.

0°C to -10°C: Maximum icing risk — supercooled water droplets most common

-10°C to -20°C: Decreasing risk — mixed phase (some ice crystals, some liquid)

Below -20°C: Glaciated — ice crystals predominate, minimal airframe icing

What You Get in Your Briefing

  • Icing layer boundaries — exact entry/exit altitudes for climb and descent
  • Freezing level from each model — shown side by side
  • Ice type at cruise — clear, rime, or mixed based on temperature
  • SLD / warm nose detection — supercooled large droplet risk from vertical temperature profile scanning
  • Total icing exposure — minutes in icing broken down by climb, cruise, and descent (for TKS fluid planning)
  • Confidence & agreement — HIGH / MODERATE / LOW with unanimous, majority, or split

Safety-First Consensus

For icing, PlaneWX uses worst-case across models. If any model predicts moderate icing at your cruise altitude, the consensus reflects moderate icing — even if the other two models show light. Missing icing has severe consequences; we err on the side of caution.

Multi-Model Turbulence Analysis

The Physics

PlaneWX derives Clear Air Turbulence from two fundamental atmospheric quantities computed at every altitude level from each model’s wind and temperature fields.

Vertical Wind Shear

The change in wind speed between two altitude levels (kt/1000ft). When wind speed changes rapidly with altitude — near jet streams, fronts, or inversions — the resulting shear generates turbulence.

≥12

Light

≥20

Moderate

≥30

Severe

kt/1000ft — calibrated for bulk-layer model resolution

Richardson Number (Ri)

The stability gate. Ri measures the balance between thermal stability (which suppresses turbulence) and wind shear (which generates it). Think of it as the door — it must be open for turbulence to occur.

Ri < 0.25: Dynamically unstable — turbulence likely
Ri 0.25–1.0: Transitional — turbulence possible, capped at moderate
Ri > 1.0: Stable — turbulence suppressed regardless of shear

Median-Based Consensus

Unlike icing (where we use worst-case), turbulence consensus uses the median across models. Wind field differences can cause one model to see moderate shear where others see none — using the maximum would produce too many false alarms.

Why median, not worst-case?

  • Icing is binary — you’re in it or you’re not. Missing it has severe consequences.
  • Turbulence is a spectrum — model noise can dominate worst-case logic.
  • Per-model columns — you can still see each model’s individual assessment and make your own judgment.

What We Detect

Model Analysis

  • • Jet stream CAT
  • • Upper-level wind shear
  • • Frontal zone turbulence
  • • Tropopause-level shear

PIREPs & G-AIRMETs

  • • Convective turbulence
  • • Mountain wave
  • • Mechanical turbulence
  • • Low-level wind shear

Together, model analysis and observation data cover the full spectrum of turbulence types.

Corroborated by Real-World Observations

Model predictions are powerful, but they’re forecasts — not observations. PlaneWX fuses model output with PIREPs, AIRMETs, G-AIRMETs, and SIGMETs to produce a single, coherent assessment.

PIREP Fusion

  • PIREPs confirm model → Confidence boosted
  • Negative PIREPs in model zone → Confidence lowered
  • PIREPs where model says none → PIREP severity adopted, layer bounds updated
  • PIREPs exceed model → Prioritized as ground truth

AIRMET & SIGMET Fusion

  • Active G-AIRMET + model agreement → Corroborated, confidence boosted
  • Active AIRMET, model shows none → Model upgraded to trace
  • G-AIRMET freezing level → Caps or corrects model freezing levels
  • SIGMETs → Always override model predictions for severe conditions

This corroboration loop is unique to PlaneWX. Traditional tools show model overlays, G-AIRMETs, and PIREPs as separate layers. PlaneWX synthesizes them into a single, coherent assessment with transparent confidence — so you know not just what to expect, but how much to trust it.

Full Transparency

Most weather apps present conclusions without evidence. PlaneWX shows you everything.

Raw Data Tables

Temperature, RH, wind, shear, Ri at every sample point and altitude — per model

Per-Model Columns

See each model’s individual assessment. Disagree with the consensus? The data is there.

Section Sources

Tap “Sources” on any briefing section to see exactly which products contributed

How This Compares

PlaneWX vs. what pilots have today

CapabilityPlaneWXTraditional
Multi-model comparison3 independent modelsSingle product
Confidence scoringUnanimous / Majority / SplitNot available
Route-specific sampling3–7 points along YOUR routeBroad geographic areas
Altitude-specific assessment8 pressure levels per pointAltitude range only
Cloud layer boundariesRH-derived at each sample pointNot provided
Ice type predictionClear / rime / mixedNot provided
SLD / warm nose detectionTemperature profile scanningSLD AIRMETs only
Total icing exposureClimb / cruise / descent minutesNot calculated
Turbulence physicsWind shear + Richardson numberNot available to pilots
PIREP / AIRMET corroborationFused with model outputDisplayed separately
Personal minimumsSoft + hard limits per aircraftGeneric severity
Raw data accessFull transparencyConclusions only

Tailored to Your Aircraft

The same icing conditions produce very different WX Scores for different pilots — and that’s by design. PlaneWX applies your personal minimums and aircraft capabilities to every analysis.

Comfort (Soft Limit)

The severity you’re comfortable with. Exceeding this enters the caution zone with graduated deductions.

Limit (Hard Limit)

Your absolute maximum. Exceeding this is unfavorable — WX Score drops to 0%. Non-FIKI aircraft are always unfavorable for any icing.

See It in Your Next Briefing

Start a free trial and create a briefing for your next flight. You’ll see multi-model icing and turbulence analysis, confidence scoring, and full data transparency — all tailored to your aircraft and minimums.