Weather Products
Explainers for aviationweather.gov products: what each one is for, and how to read it in context.
- Reviewed 2026-09-29
What Is a TAF? How to Read a Terminal Aerodrome Forecast
A TAF is a coded airport forecast. Learn to read wind, visibility, clouds, FM, TEMPO, and PROB30, and where the TAF fits in a disciplined weather decision.
Read article - Reviewed 2026-09-29
What Is a METAR? How to Read an Airport Weather Report
A METAR is the coded weather observation for an airport. Learn to read every group, what AUTO and AO2 mean, when a SPECI is issued, and where METARs fit a disciplined weather decision.
Read article - Reviewed 2026-09-29
AIRMET, SIGMET, and CWA: In-Flight Weather Advisories Explained
How to read AIRMETs, G-AIRMETs, SIGMETs, Convective SIGMETs, and Center Weather Advisories: criteria, valid times, decoded Handbook examples, and where advisories fit a disciplined weather decision.
Read article - Reviewed 2026-09-29
What Is a PIREP? How to Read and Give a Pilot Weather Report
A PIREP is a pilot weather report. Learn the UA and UUA format, how to decode each field, the official icing and turbulence intensity scales, and how to give a PIREP that helps.
Read article - Reviewed 2026-09-29
Winds and Temperatures Aloft: How to Read an FB Forecast
How to decode the FB winds and temperatures aloft forecast, including winds over 100 knots and missing low levels, with a worked decode of the FAA Handbook sample.
Read article - Reviewed 2026-09-29
Icing Forecasts: CIP, FIP, Freezing Level, and Icing Intensity
What the CIP and FIP icing products show, how to find the freezing level, what trace, light, moderate, heavy, and severe icing mean, and where icing forecasts fall short.
Read article - Reviewed 2026-09-29
Turbulence Forecasts: GTG, GTG-N, and the Intensity Scale
How the GTG turbulence forecast and GTG-N nowcast work, what EDR means, the official light to extreme intensity scale, and which turbulence GTG does not forecast.
Read article - Reviewed 2026-09-29
Weather Radar for Pilots: NEXRAD, TDWR, Reflectivity, and Datalink Delay
How to read NEXRAD and TDWR radar, what dBZ and composite reflectivity mean, where radar misses weather, and why cockpit radar mosaics are older than their time stamp.
Read article - Reviewed 2026-09-30
Density Altitude Calculator and Guide: What It Is and How to Calculate It
What density altitude is, how to calculate it by hand and with the NWS formula, a worked example, the Koch chart, and why hot, high, and humid days catch pilots out.
Read article - Reviewed 2026-09-25
TAF vs MOS, LAMP and NBM
TAFs are the official NWS terminal forecast. This article compares them with MOS, LAMP and NBM guidance, and explains why many small airports never get a forecaster-written TAF.
Read article - Reviewed 2026-09-25
TCF vs ECFP: Reading the Airline System's Convective Forecasts
How the TFM Convective Forecast and Extended Convective Forecast Product help traffic managers and airline dispatch plan around storms, and how a GA pilot can read them as context (not as a go/no‑go product).
Read article
Weather Knowledge
Concepts such as dry lines, troughs and ridges, and what they mean for your flight.
Coming soon
Sourced explainers for this section are on the way.
Decision-Making
ADM best practices from FAA risk-management material. Habits that keep the PIC in command.
Tips of the Week
Archive of Weekly PIREP weather and ADM tips.
- Issue #1
What the WX Score actually is
The WX Score is your own personal minimums, applied the same way every time, against the forecast for your route, altitude, and departure time.